The Constructivists

After the progressive arts were forbidden in the Soviet Union as "deviating" and persecuted as "cultural Bolschewism" by the Fascists in 1933, the course of their development was interrupted in many countries. Many artists emigrated to Switzerland and the USA to continue to expand upon their constructivist-rational principles. And so regardless of the resurgence of Expressionist and Surrealist art, the Constructivism of the 1920s was able to continue to develop in the 1940s through the "concrete art" of Max Bill, Richard P. Lohse, Anton Stankowski and others. New heights were reached in the 1960s through "Op-Art", finally proving that Constructivism was no passing trend, rather, perhaps one of the most important design movements of the 20th century.